In recent years, African nations have been grappling with a troubling surge in coup attempts and successful coups, posing a significant challenge to political stability on the continent. This article delves into the multifaceted factors contributing to this trend, with a particular focus on the historical context and the lasting impact of colonialism on the political landscape of many African countries.

Since 1950, Africa has witnessed at least 106 coups and 108 unsuccessful attempts, painting a picture of political turmoil that spans decades. The year 2021 was marked by six coup events, four of which succeeded, affecting countries like Mali, Chad, and Sudan. In 2022, Burkina Faso experienced two coups, and failed coup attempts were recorded in Guinea Bissau, The Gambia, and Sao Tome and Principe. Even more recently, in July 2023, Niger and Gabon became the latest African nations to grapple with coups, highlighting the gravity of this issue.

The causes of coups in African countries are intricate, typically involving a combination of factors. Poverty, economic underperformance, and popular discontentment with long-serving dictators often serve as triggers for these upheavals. However, one must not underestimate the profound influence of colonialism in shaping the trajectory of African politics.

Many of the African countries that have experienced coups were former colonies of European powers, and the legacy of colonialism casts a long shadow over their political landscapes. European colonial powers, including France, often established political and economic systems that prioritized their interests over those of the African people. This legacy has left African nations grappling with the enduring consequences of weak institutions and pervasive corruption, both of which were inherited from the colonial era.

The French colonial legacy, in particular, has faced scrutiny. Critics argue that it fostered a political and economic environment that perpetuates instability. Accusations have been made against the French government, suggesting that it supported authoritarian regimes in its former colonies to safeguard its influence in the region. This support, according to critics, has come at the expense of democratic governance and the well-being of African citizens.

The recent surge in coup attempts and successful coups in African countries underscores the urgency of addressing the root causes of political instability. While it is impossible to undo the impact of colonialism, African nations must focus on building robust institutions, promoting transparency, and combating corruption, all of which have deep-seated roots in the colonial legacy.

International actors, including former colonial powers, have a pivotal role to play in fostering stability and prosperity in Africa. Rather than perpetuating historical influence, they should prioritize supporting democratic processes and good governance. This approach aligns with the aspirations of African citizens who seek a brighter and more stable future.

The surge in coup attempts and successful coups across Africa is a cause for concern that demands a closer examination of its underlying causes. While poverty, economic challenges, and popular discontentment are significant contributors, the legacy of colonialism cannot be underestimated. African nations must confront this legacy head-on by bolstering their institutions and fostering transparency and accountability. In parallel, international partners, particularly former colonial powers, should redirect their efforts toward promoting democratic governance and the well-being of African citizens. Only through these concerted efforts can Africa hope to break free from the cycle of coups and build a more stable and prosperous future for its people.